Kedudukan Utusan Golongan dalam Lembaga Perwakilan: Sejarah dan Prospek Penataan Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia: The Constitutional Status of Functional Group Delegates in Representative Institutions: Historical Development and Prospects for the Restructuring of Indonesia’s Constitutional System

Muhammad Juang Rambe; Indra Utama Tanjung

doi:10.70321/jsj.v2i1.173

Authors

Muhammad Juang Rambe Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia.
Indra Utama Tanjung Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Indonesia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70321/jsj.v2i1.173

Keywords:

social representation, Utusan Golongan, Regional Representative Council, meaningful participation, deliberative democracy

Abstract

The abolition of Utusan Golongan changed the People's Consultative Assembly's composition while leaving social participation in lawmaking relevant. This article examines the limits of Regional Representative Council (DPD) empowerment and non-electoral social representation. It employs doctrinal research through statutory, historical, case-law, and conceptual approaches, using sources published before 2026. The analysis distinguishes participation rights, customary-community protection, and reserved-seat entitlements. It finds that statutory reform can strengthen implementation of DPD powers, whereas final legislative consent requires constitutional amendment. It proposes ad hoc social deliberative panels for bills with substantial distributive effects. Recommendations would remain advisory, with mandatory hearings, consideration, and written responses. Its contribution is a procedural design for affected-group selection, organizational verification, conflict-of-interest controls, removal with due process, and remedies for omissions. The model develops meaningful participation through an auditable legislative response record, without restoring functional seats or conferring a veto. Pilot implementation should assess inclusion, costs, and protection against capture.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kuyper, J. W. (2016). Systemic representation: Democracy, deliberation, and nonelectoral representatives. American Political Science Review, 110(2), 308–324. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000095

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2009, June 9). Putusan sela Nomor 47-81/PHPU.A-VII/2009. https://www.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/ptusan_sidang_81phpu_A.pdf

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2010). Naskah komprehensif perubahan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945: Latar belakang, proses, dan hasil pembahasan 1999–2002 (Rev. ed., Book III, Lembaga permusyawaratan dan perwakilan, Parts 1–2). Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi. https://www.mkri.id/publikasi/naskah-komprehensif

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2013, March 27). Putusan Nomor 92/PUU-X/2012. https://s.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/putusan_sidang_92%20PUU%202012%20-%20DPD%20-%20telah%20ucap%2027%20Maret%202013.pdf

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2015, September 22). Putusan Nomor 79/PUU-XII/2014. https://www.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/79_PUU-XII_2014.pdf

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2021, November 25). Putusan Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. https://www.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/putusan_mkri_8240_1637822490.pdf

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. (2023, September 14). Putusan Nomor 82/PUU-XXI/2023. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?id=4087&page=download.Putusan

Marzuki. (2022). Towards balanced bicameralism: Reconstruction of law-making powers in Indonesian representative institutions. Substantive Justice International Journal of Law, 5(2), 128–142. https://doi.org/10.56087/substantivejustice.v5i2.187

Rambe, M. J. (2025). Conditional recognition: The juridical gap between normative rights and implementation reality for “indigenous peoples” in Indonesia. International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects), 6(1), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.53695/injects.v6i1.1432

Rambe, M. J., Sari, W. I., & Sembiring, D. S. (2024). Shift in legal paradigm from decentralization to centralization in the management of natural resources following the omnibus law on job creation. International Journal of Synergy in Law, Criminal, and Justice, 1(2), 298–305. https://doi.org/10.70321/ijslcj.v1i2.60

Rambe, M. J., Siregar, M. A., & Sembiring, D. S. (2024a). Indonesian national health policy: Legal analysis of the elimination of mandatory health spending. Proceeding of International Conference on Healthy Living (INCOHELIV), 1(1), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.24123/incoheliv.V1i1.6569

Rambe, M. J., Siregar, M. A., & Sembiring, D. S. (2024b). Judicial order in the examination of the constitutionality and legality of health financing norms. Asian Journal of Healthcare Analytics, 3(2), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajha.v3i2.12583

Republic of Indonesia. (1969). Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 1969 tentang Susunan dan Kedudukan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Download/38393/UU%20Nomor%2016%20Tahun%201969.pdf

Republic of Indonesia. (1999). Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1999 tentang Susunan dan Kedudukan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Download/33769/UU%20Nomor%204%20Tahun%201999.pdf

Republic of Indonesia. (2002). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 [Consolidated text following the Fourth Amendment]. https://mkri.id/public/content/profil/kedudukan/UUD_1945_Perubahan%204.pdf

Republic of Indonesia. (2011). Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. https://peraturan.go.id/id/uu-no-12-tahun-2011

Republic of Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 tentang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah. https://peraturan.go.id/id/uu-no-17-tahun-2014

Republic of Indonesia. (2019). Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan Ketiga atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 tentang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah. https://peraturan.go.id/id/uu-no-13-tahun-2019

Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Download/207035/UU%20Nomor%2013%20Tahun%202022.pdf

State Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. (1959). Himpunan risalah sidang-sidang dari Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI) dan Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) yang berhubungan dengan penyusunan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. https://luk.staff.ugm.ac.id/atur/RisalahSidangBPUPKI-PPKU-UUD1945.pdf

Tanjung, I. U., Ismaidar, Rambe, M. J., & Ananta, A. (2025). Constitutional limits of the Constitutional Court's interpretation between negative legislators and positive legislators. Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Community Studies, 2603–2611. https://proceeding.pancabudi.ac.id/index.php/ICIE/article/view/828

Taqwa, M. D., Sirait, M. Y. L., & Alfarizy, A. (2023). Resolving the conflict of interests issue within the laws concerning the political matters: Deliberative democracy or empowering Dewan Perwakilan Daerah? Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 10(3), 321–345. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v10n3.a2